Ethical Questions of the Socialization of Social Work and Related Scientific Disciplines (PDF, 2013)

Publication for a virtual scientific conference held on 12.12.2013. It contains the papers presented at this conference.

FOREWORD

We live in a world of dynamic change where the human being is lost in the whirlpool of information flows. In earlier times, a person could rely on a well-established social system of functioning in the life-world in various social situations. Problems had clear labels, and when they were not understandable, the system provided immediate explanations and ways to solve them. That is what the authors of this collective monograph also sought to do. They aimed to clearly define concepts related to the essence of the pitfalls of human socialization and to point to ways of addressing them. The topic was commissioned by the Czech and Slovak private universities Fakulta sociálnych štúdií Vysokej školy v Sládkovičove, Univerzita Jana Amosa Komenského in Prague, Vysoká škola zdravotníctva a sociálnej práce sv. Alžbety in Bratislava, and Vysoká škola Karlovy Vary in Karlovy Vary, which, together with the Society for Social Integration in the Slovak Republic through the website www.sposointe.eu, invited a broad professional public to dialogue on individual chapters in the form of a virtual scientific conference Etické otázky socializácie sociálnej práce a príbuzných vedných disciplín. The main purpose is to point to the issues of socialization of individuals and groups in the globalizing sphere that Habermas aptly called the “lifeworld” together with its “System,” within which the regularities of social functioning unfold. In order to fulfil the bio-psycho-social and spiritual needs of the human being, they follow certain ethical principles. The goal is to bring the reader closer to the ethical principles of socialization in social work and related scientific disciplines through six thematic areas containing 35 chapters. The group of authors provides information on socialization possibilities not only from the perspective of social work but also from knowledge produced by cooperating scientific disciplines. Social work has here the ability to integrate this knowledge into final socialization outcomes.

In the individual author chapters, we learn about the barriers social work faces as a developing scientific discipline in Slovakia, where its ethical foundation is undermined by the commercialization of social services and where it is subject to political misuse. As a result, the current identity of social work, its definition, scope, and functions come under discussion. Social policy, which fails to recognize social work as social (public) administration for itself and has adopted social work to serve its own goals with a hostile attitude, is also subject to critique. It does not understand that the relationship between social policy and social work is one of partnership. The question is the qualitative development of social work within this context in higher education preparation of future social workers, and the position of the school social worker remains unclear not only in integrating children with special needs but also in general in primary schools, and in socializing persons with disabilities through higher education.

Attention is given to the socialization of neglected children and delinquent youth. A comprehensive initiation ritual can qualitatively improve the socialization effect for delinquent youth in institutionalized environments of special pedagogical practice. It can be inspiring for inclusion in the repertoire of social work socialization tools, as well as for a holistic approach to socialization and resocialization of individuals with health and psychosocial disabilities. In the socialization of persons with behavioral disorders, integrative music therapy is successfully used. Also examined are human suffering caused by the loss of a partner in old age, bereavement counselling, and the ethical questions of adaptation to a new social environment.

From a synthetic perspective on minorities, it is pointed out that belonging to a minority increases dependence on the majority, where social work in the process of socialization often slips into a rescue-support function and persists in that position. The cultural specificities of minorities, which are frequently not acknowledged, can in some cases evolve into a “culture of poverty.”

In the process of socialization, ensuring social safety and eliminating security risks plays a primary role. In Karen Horney's understanding of human ontogenesis, this is called the need for basic security in child personality formation in the mother’s embrace. This need for holding and soothing remains with a person throughout life. For social work, social safety has priority significance for realizing its stimulation-development function in socialization. In various disasters, post-disaster security measures and resocialization of the population are necessary; social work has, from a historical perspective of core functions, the richest experience with many forms of assistance, but in cooperation with the rescue system, social workers are part of the crisis intervention team in resocializing disaster-affected populations.

What place do regional traditions and culture hold, and what socializing impact do they have on a person? These are questions for discussion. Attention is drawn to the rise of an anonymous culture mass-presented by the media. It lacks content for self-reflection. It does not rely on the past of previous generations. It did not emerge out of nothing; it only borrowed forms from various cultures. Substantively, it offers nothing; its universal character is directed toward immediate consumption and is focused mainly on visualizing outward appearance. In this context, the collective monograph repeatedly points to a substantive return to traditional values in new forms, but also to moral stances regarding the right to life and the right to identity of sexual orientation. In culture, not only life experience and desires are encoded, but also the most sincere expression of the natural compassionate relationship of one human being to another. Such expressions are found in many forms of culture. The desire for beauty and justice is present. A promising future could be projected as distributive justice, but a person may lose part of personal freedom of decision-making. Their naturalness, identity. A person becomes adapted, but at the expense of natural socialization. These are serious criticisms. A possible solution lies in a vision of capitalism with a human face, based on a strong personality with high moral credibility. The visions of an ethically just society presented here offer social work the chance to fulfill some of its functions. A fuller realization of social work's stimulation-development function can be seen in social capital theory, where practice is based on emotional bonds and togetherness among others in small autonomous groups connected into mutual wholes. The vision and forecasting of today's youth social future also bring many warnings about their socialization in multiple dimensions (health, social system, education, employment). Here again, social work has space to fulfil its functions comprehensively to support the creative process of socializing this population category.

Antonín Kozoň

CONTENT

DEFINITION OF SOCIAL WORK, ITS OBJECT AND FUNCTIONS

I. SOCIAL WORK AND ITS JOURNEY TO THE PERSON: WHERE IS IT GOING...? Social work and its journey to the individual: Where is it heading...? 1. NEOLIBERAL POLICY AND SOCIAL WORK 2. THE FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL WORK AND POLICY 3. THE JOURNEY TOWARD THE PERSON IN SOCIAL WORK 4. DEFINITION OF SOCIAL WORK AND ITS CONCEPTUAL LIMITS 5. THE PITFALLS OF SOCIAL WORK – HELP 6. SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL POLICY 7. SUPERVISION OF SOCIAL WORK IN CURRENT PRACTICE

II. THE QUESTION OF OPEN IDENTITY OF SOCIAL WORK 1. CREDIBILITY OF SOCIAL WORK AND ATTITUDES TO SOCIAL WORK 2. THE SEARCH FOR THE IDENTITY OF SOCIAL WORK 3. THE CONFLICT BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE IN SOCIAL WORK 4. SOCIAL FUNCTIONING 5. NORMATIVE DEFINITION OF SOCIAL WORK

III. THE THIRTEENTH CHAMBER OF SOCIAL WORK 1. LEGAL LIQUIDATION OF SOCIAL WORK AS A SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE? 2. HOW TO WORK IN SOCIAL SERVICES WITHOUT TAXES?

IV. SOCIAL WORK AS ART FOR ART'S SAKE – SOCIAL WORK AS A WAY TO THE PERSON 1. THE THREAT OF NARCISSISM IN SOCIAL WORK 2. UNETHICAL AND INHUMANE METHODS 3. POPULIST IDEOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK

V. ON THE PATHS OF QUALITATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL WORK AS A SCIENCE ON SLOVAK ACADEMIC GROUND 1. TOWARD ONE OF THE PATHS OF SOCIAL WORK DEVELOPMENT IN QUALITY: FROM QUANTITY TO QUALITY AS A SCIENCE

VI. SCHOOL SOCIAL WORKERS AND SOCIALIZATION IN SLOVAK SCHOOLS 1. THE BEGINNINGS OF SCHOOL SOCIAL WORKERS IN SLOVAK PRIMARY SCHOOLS 2. SCHOOL SOCIAL WORKER VERSUS SOCIAL PEDAGOGUE 3. THE INEXORABLE NEED FOR SOCIAL WORKERS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS

VII. ON SELECTED TERMS FROM THE FIELD OF SOCIAL COUNSELLING 1. ON THE ADJECTIVES “SOCIAL” AND “SOCIETAL” 2. THE CONCEPT OF COUNSELLING AND SOCIAL COUNSELLING

SOCIALIZATION OF PERSONS WITH HEALTH AND PSYCHOSOCIAL DISABILITIES

VIII. ALTERNATIVE INTEGRATION OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS INTO PRIMARY AND NURSERY SCHOOLS IN THE NÁMESTOVO DISTRICT 1. THE CHILD WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL AND LEARNING NEEDS 2. LEGAL LEGISLATION CONCERNING THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DEV NEEDS 3. INTEGRATION OF CHILDREN WITH DEV NEEDS INTO SCHOOLS 4. THE ROLE OF THE SOCIAL WORKER IN THE INTEGRATION PROCESS OF CHILDREN WITH DEV NEEDS INTO REGULAR SCHOOL 5. THE STATE OF INTEGRATION OF CHILDREN WITH DEV NEEDS INTO PRIMARY AND NURSERY SCHOOLS

IX. SOCIALIZATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES INTO SOCIETY THROUGH HIGHER EDUCATION 1. THE CONCEPT OF THE “UN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES” AS A BASIS IN EDUCATION 2. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION IN THE EDUCATION FIELD IN SLOVAKIA

X. SOCIALIZATION OF PEOPLE GROWING UP IN A SOCIO–PATHOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 1. CAN SYNDROME 2. PHYSICAL ABUSE 3. PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE 4. SEXUAL ABUSE 5. THE SPECIFIC IMPACT OF ABUSE ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND FORMATION OF THE CHILD'S PERSONALITY

XI. THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT OF DELINQUENT YOUTH IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL WORK 1. SELECTED INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 2. PROTECTIVE AND RISK FACTORS OF THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT IN RELATION TO DELINQUENCY 3. THE FAMILY ENVIRONMENT OF DELINQUENT YOUTH AND ITS NEGATIVE IMPACT ON YOUTH 4. PARTIAL RESULTS OF RESEARCH

XII. ETHICAL REFLECTION ON PRIVATE INITIATION RITUALS IN RE-EDUCATION CENTRES 1. THE INITIATION RITUAL AS A SOCIALIZATION TOOL 2. RESULTS OF PRIVATE INITIATION RITUALS

XIII. SOCIALIZATION AS THE MAIN GOAL OF COMPREHENSIVE REHABILITATION CARE FOR PERSONS WITH MENTAL DISABILITIES 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS 2. COMPREHENSIVE REHABILITATION 3. SOCIALIZATION AND SOCIABILITY

XIV. SOCIALIZATION AND THE HEALTHY AND PSYCHOSOCIALALLY DISADVANTAGED INDIVIDUAL 1. SOCIALIZATION AS THE INTERACTION OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 2. THE HEALTHY AND PSYCHOSOCIAL DISADVANTAGED INDIVIDUAL IN SOCIALIZATION 3. SOCIALIZATION AS A MODE OF INTEGRATION INTO A SPECIFIC SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

XV. ADAPTATION TO LIFE LOSS IN THE LATE YEARS IN RESIDENTIAL SERVICES 1. INTERDISCIPLINARY ASPECTS OF ADAPTATION AND LIFE LOSS 2. GRIEF COUNSELLING IN THE SPECTRUM OF ETHICAL ISSUES 3. PRINCIPLES OF GRIEF COUNSELLING AND THE WORK OF THE SOCIAL COUNSELLOR

XVI. PERSONAL CHANGE AS ONE OF THE DETERMINING FACTORS OF SUCCESSFUL ALCOHOL ABSTINENCE 1. MOTIVATION AS A STATE OF READINESS FOR CHANGE 2. ABSTINENCE OR NON-DRINKING? 3. FACTORS AFFECTING ABSTINENCE SUCCESS 4. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS 5. SOCIAL FACTORS

XVII. THE USE OF MUSIC THERAPY IN CONDUCT DISORDERS 1. THE USE OF MUSIC THERAPY WITH ADOLESCENTS WITH CONDUCT DISORDERS 2. HOLISTIC MUSIC THERAPY WITH INDIVIDUALS WITH CONDUCT DISORDERS

SOCIALIZATION OF ETHNIC AND MINORITY GROUPS

XVIII. A SYNTHESIZING VIEW OF SOCIAL WORK ON MINORITIES 1. MINORITY, TARGET GROUP, MARGINALIZED GROUP 2. DIVISION OF SOCIAL WORK CLIENTS AND TYPOLOGY OF MINORITIES 3. CHARACTERISTICS OF MINORITIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL WORK 4. SELECTED MINORITY GROUPS IN SLOVAKIA

XIX. SUPPORTING CULTURAL DIVERSITY OF DEAF PEOPLE IN SOCIALIZATION BY THE DOMINANT CULTURE 1. DEAF CULTURE 2. SOCIALIZATION OF DEAF PEOPLE 3. DEAF PEOPLE’S ART 4. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON BARRIERS-REMOVING MEASURES

XX. ROMA AND WHAT NEXT? 1. WHERE DO WE COME FROM? 2. STATE POLICY AND THE SOCIO-POLITICAL VIEW WITHIN THE CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC 3. LAW NO. 74/1958 SB., ON THE PERMANENT SETTLEMENT OF NOMADIC PERSONS 4. THINKING, LANGUAGE, AND SPEECH (WORD, SYMBOL, CONCEPT) 5. CONTEMPORARY LANGUAGE PRACTICE AND LEARNING 6. EXPERIENCES OF GREAT BRITAIN

XXI. SELECTED ASPECTS OF INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION (FORMAL SOCIALIZATION) IN SOCIAL WORK 1. SELECTED ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL AND ETHNIC IDENTITY OF RÓMS 2. THE CONCEPT OF A “CULTURE OF POVERTY” 3. IMPLICATIONS OF ROMA SOCIO-CULTURAL DISTINCTIVENESS IN MAJORITY SOCIETY 4. INTERVENTION IN SOCIAL WORK WITH INTERCULTURAL INTENTIONS

SOCIAL SECURITY AND RESOCIALIZATION OF THE POPULATION IN AREAS AFFECTED BY WAR, ECOLOGICAL AND OTHER CATASTROPHE

XXII. POST-DISASTER SECURITY MEASURES 1. EXPLANATION 2. REACTION 3. PRIORITY? AN ABSOLUTE PRIMACY! 4. SOCIAL SECURITY 5. POST FESTUM

XXIII. SOCIAL SECURITY RISKS AND THEIR IMPACT ON SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT 1. THEORETICAL AND ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS FOR THE STUDY OF SECURITY 2. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND THEIR TERRITORIAL-SPATIAL IMPACTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC 3. THE CONCEPT AND DEFINITION OF SOCIAL RISKS

XXIV. THE ACTION OF EMERGENCY UNITS OF THE INTEGRATED RESCUE SYSTEM, CRISIS INTERVENTION AND VOLUNTEERING AFTER A CRISIS EVENT 1. EMERGENCY INCIDENT 2. LEADING THE ACTIVITIES OF IZS EMERGENCY UNITS AT THE INCIDENT SITE 3. DIVISION OF TASKS IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE EMERGENCY INCIDENT 4. CRISIS INTERVENTION TEAM 5. CRISIS INTERVENTION 6. VOLUNTEERING

THE SOCIALIZING SIGNIFICANCE OF REGIONAL TRADITIONS, CULTURE AND ECOLOGY IN THE GLOBALIZATION PROCESS

XXV. ALTERNATIVE REGIONALITY AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE BROADER SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 1. ANONYMITY OF LARGE CITIES 2. UNEMPLOYMENT 3. THE IMPACT OF THE MEDIA 4. SOCIAL CHANGE

XXVI. ABORTION AND MORALITY 1. ENCOUNTER WITH A MOTHER OF A CHILD WITH SEVERE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DISABILITY 2. ADVOCACY FOR THE RIGHTS OF PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT ORIENTATION 3. ADVOCACY FOR THE RIGHT TO LIFE 4. ABORTION: TABOO VERSUS RESPUBLIKÁ? 5. MORALITY OR IMMORALITY OF ABORTION

XXVII. THE IMPACT OF CHRISTIAN-ORIENTED PEER LEISURE GROUPS ON PREVENTING SOCIAL PATHOLOGY AMONG YOUTH 1. THE IMPACT OF PEER GROUPS 2. RESULTS

XXVIII. THE LOST GENERATION OF PEOPLE WITHOUT WORK 1. CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF UNEMPLOYMENT 2. ACTIVE EMPLOYMENT POLICY, EDUCATION, AND PREPARATION FOR THE LABOR MARKET

XXIX. HUMANITY'S ENEMY OR THE BEAUTY MYTH’S INFLUENCE ON LIFE TODAY 1. THE CONCEPT OF THE BEAUTY MYTH 2. IDENTIFYING SOCIAL PROBLEMS 3. OPTIONS FOR REDUCING THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF THE BEAUTY MYTH FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMANCIPATORY PEDAGOGY

XXX. ETHICAL ASPECTS AFFECTING THE WELL-BEING OF PEOPLE IN THE MOTION OF EDUCATION 1. PEOPLE LIVE IN SOCIETY 2. ABOUT THE VALUE OF FREEDOM

VISION AND SOCIAL FORECASTING OF SOCIAL FUTURE AT REGIONAL AND GLOBAL LEVEL

XXXI. THE CRISIS IS A MOMENT OF TRUTH AND THE NECESSITY TO DECIDE 1. WHAT ARE THE VISIONS...? 2. WHAT IS THE FUTURE...?

XXXII. IS AN ETHICALLY JUST SOCIETY POSSIBLE? 1. THE QUESTION OF JUSTICE AND ETHICS 2. THE IDEA OF A SOCIAL CONTRACT AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

XXXIII. CAPITALISM WITH A HUMAN FACE AND LEADERSHIP DEMOCRACY 1. ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE 2. SEARCHING FOR A STARTING POINT

XXXIV. THE THEORY OF SOCIAL CAPITAL: FOUNDATIONS, ESSENCE, PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES 1. CONCEPT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL 2. SOCIAL CAPITAL IN RESEARCH

XXXV. VISION AND SOCIAL FORECASTING OF TODAY'S ADOLESCENTS 1. POSITIVE SOCIAL VISION AND UPBRINGING 2. SOCIAL FUTURE AND AGGRESSION 3. MEDIA, EDUCATION, AND DIALOGUE ABOUT THE FUTURE 4. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BONDING RELATIONSHIPS

Authors: Antonín Kozoň (I.), Branislav Malík (II.), Petronela Šebestová (III.), Peter Ďurkovský (IV.), Stanislav Matulay (V.), Liana Krčmová (VI.), Eva Matulayová (VII.), Janka Briššáková, Mária Hardy (VIII.), Mária Šmidová (IX.), Jana Pabáková (X.), Roman Bartoš (XI.), Anna Semanová, Ladislav Horňák (XII.), Andrea Prečuchová Štefanovičová, Terézia Harčaríková (XIII.), Janka Kuffová (XIV.), Miroslava Tokovská (XV.), Michaela Šavrnochová (XVI.), Margaréta Osvaldová (XVII.), Daniel Markovič (XVIII.), Pavol Beňo, Nora Michňová (XIX.), Ingrid Matoušková (XX.), Miroslava Čerešníková (XXI.), Felix Černoch (XXII.), Janka Betáková, Jana Tomovičová (XXIII.), Andrea Neumannová (XXIV.), Jiří Tůma, Alena Tůmová (XXV.), Milan Hejdiš (XXVI.), Anna Pavlovičová, Libuša Radková, Kamila Štrbková (XXVII.), Michal Kunošík (XXVIII.), Monika Rusnáková (XXIX.), Peter Melek (XXX.), Daniela Baková, Lenka Haburajová Ilavská (XXXII.), Ľudovít Hajduk (XXXIII.), Alexander Čemez (XXXIII.), Lukáš Pavelek (XXXIV.), Peter Slovák (XXXV.)

Fakulta sociálnych štúdií Vysokej školy v Sládkovičove, Sládkovičovo Univerzita Jana Amosa Komenského, Praha Vysoká škola zdravotníctva a sociálnej práce sv. Alžbety, Bratislava Vysoká škola Karlovy Vary, Karlove Vary Spoločnosť pre sociálnu integráciu v SR, Trenčín

© SpoSoIntE, Trenčín 2013 ISBN 978-80-89533-10-7