EVA ŽIAKOVÁ and team

A word from the editor

The original motive to write and compile a textbook entitled "Social work - theoretical starting points and practical contexts" was and is the constantly expanding fact that university students study and acquire knowledge from unreliable "scientific" sources, the Internet, or from notes compiled by themselves from dubious non-scientific and unreliable sources that do not correspond to scientific progress, which fulfill one task - they are easily accessible and written in an easy to remember style. I think that other colleagues from universities in Slovakia also feel and perceive this existing fact, which needs to be changed. It is up to us, university teachers, professors and docents, to set the level that our universities deserve. A no less important motive to write a textbook for university students, related to the previous fact, is the availability of sources of different levels of required knowledge, whose attitude formation is no less important for completing a bachelor's degree in social work. The diversity, multifactoriality of theoretical and methodological approaches in social work can cause students to have ambivalent reactions leading to their simplification. It is therefore up to experts, in addition to knowledge, to convey attitudes, opinions and opinions to university students, comments on existing knowledge and thereby orient them in the tangle of knowledge that is necessary for the competent performance of their future profession.

A team of colleagues under the leadership of the head of the social work department of the UPJŠ in Košice decided to write a textbook of this type for students of social work at the bachelor's level with the aim of increasing the quality of available information with links to practice and mediating attitudes and opinions on what is necessary for a university student of the social work field as a bachelor's minimum. In this spirit, the curriculum of the master's study of social work in the next academic year should also be conveyed.

I believe that this textbook will serve its primary purpose and will be one small step towards improving the quality of studying social work in Slovakia.

Eva Žiaková

1 chapter – prof. PhDr. Eva Žiaková, CSc. Chapter 2 – prof. Ph.Dr. JCDr. Anton Fabian, PhD. 3 chapter – doc. JUDr. Mgr. Dušan Šlosár, PhD. Chapter 4 – Mgr. Soňa Lovašová, PhD. Chapter 5 – PhDr. Agnesa Kočišová 6 chapter 6.1 – prof. PhDr. Eva Žiaková, CSc. 6.2 – JUDr. Mgr. Mária Sedláková, PhD. Chapter 7 – PhDr. Katarína Šiňanská

Technical Editors:

B.Sc. Magdalena Halachová B.Sc. Vladimir Lichner

Contents

1 Profile of a graduate of a bachelor's degree in social work

2 Chapters from history - social activity in the Middle Ages

2.1 Early Middle Ages 2.1.1 Benedictines 2.1.2 Ján Almužník 2.1.3 Charlemagne 2.1.4 Templars, Carthusians, Cistercians, Premonstratensians

2.2 Mendicant Orders and the Late Middle Ages

2.2.1 Franciscans 2.2.2 Dominicans 2.2.3 Thomas Aquinas 2.2.4 Late Middle Ages

2.3 Slovak beginnings and charitable activity

2.3.1 Cyril and Methodius 2.3.2 Stephen, King of Hungary 2.3.3 Religious orders in Slovakia 2.3.4 Saint Elizabeth

3 Theories of Social Work

3.1 Paradigms of social work

3.2 System theories

3.3 Systemic approach

3.4 Organizational theories

3.5 Theories of action

3.6 Social psychological and communication theories

3.7 Christian theories

4 Methods and techniques of social work

4.1 Methodology and methodology of social work

4.1.1 Methodology and methodology of social work, basic terms 4.1.2 Methodology development 4.1.3 Classification of social work methods

4.2 Forms of social work

4.2.1 Social work with an individual 4.2.2 Social work with the family 4.2.3 Social work with a group 4.2.4 Social work with the community 4.2.5 Social work with society

5 Social Institutions

5.1 The term social institution and categorization of social institutions

5.2 Family and marriage

5.2.1 The family as a primary social group 5.2.2 Family and marriage as social institutions 5.2.3 Functions of the family 5.2.4 Basic stages in the historical development of the human family 5.2.5 Family typology 5.2.6 Stages of family life 5.2.7 Family interactions and family functionality 5.2.8 Marriage 5.2.9 Sociological approaches to the study of marriage and family 5.2.10 Family crisis. The contemporary family in Slovakia and its development trends

5.3 Religion

5.3.1 Religion, definition of basic concepts 5.3.2 Sociological investigation of religion 5.3.3 Classification of religions and basic typological aspects

5.4 Education and training

5.4.1 Education and training, definition of basic terms 5.4.2 Historical development of literacy and school education 5.4.3 Sociology of education and sociology of education 5.4.4 Sociological perspectives on upbringing and education

5.5 Policy

5.5.1 Politics and power, distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate power 5.5.2 Sociological approaches to power and the distribution of power in society 5.5.3 State and society

5.6 Healthcare

5.6.1. Sociology of healthcare, definition of terms 5.6.2 Health and society 5.6.3 Healthcare and ethics 5.6.4 Sociological approaches to health and healthcare

6 Social work – separate interdisciplinary science

6.1 Basics of psychology for social work

6.1.1 Basic psychological terms and methods 6.1.2 Basic psychological theories of personality and their possibilities of use in social work 6.1.3 Socio-psychological aspects of social work 6.1.3.1 Social psychology of personality 6.1.3.2 Interpersonal relations 6.1.3.3 Small social groups 6.1.3.4 Macrosocial phenomena and processes 6.1.4 Personality – its psychological and personal dimension 6.1.4.1 Sources, determinants of development and formation and formation of personality 6.1.4.2 The structure of the personality, its characteristics and the relationships between them

6.2 Basics of law for social work

6.2.1 The state as a legal institution 6.2.2 Law and basic legal concepts 6.2.3 Basic human rights and freedoms 6.2.4 Law and society 6.2.5 Creation and changes of law

7 Prevention in social work and its importance for the practice of a social worker

7.1 Introduction to the issue of social prevention

7.2 Prevention – the most effective way to combat sociopathological phenomena

7.2.1 Social pathology 7.2.2 Definition of related terms 7.2.3 Social engineering

7. 3 Prevention in the context of social work

7.3.1 Goals, determinants and functions of prevention 7.3.2 Classifications of prevention 7.3.3 The question of effectiveness of prevention 7.3.4 Legal regulation of social prevention in the Slovak Republic 7.4 Social prevention in practice: Harm Reduction – reducing the harm associated with drug use 7.4.1 Drug issues and prevention of drug addiction 7.4.2 Introduction to Harm Reduction 7.4.3 History of the emergence of the Harm Reduction approach in the world and in Slovakia 7.4.4 Harm Reduction Strategy in the prevention of drug addiction

Reviewers:prof. PhDr. Anna Žilová, PhD. doc. PhDr. Maria Vašutová, Ph.D.

Social work. Theoretical starting points and practical contexts © Eva Žiaková et al., 2011 ISBN 978-80-7097-870-2

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