INTRODUCTION
The international migration of healthcare workers is a long-discussed phenomenon in academic circles. In the first half of the 20th century, migration flows moved from countries with higher and middle incomes to countries with low incomes (Hajian a kol., 2020; Li a Sun, 2019; Nwadiuko a kol., 2021), while in the second half of the century this trend reversed. Countries such as the United States of America, Canada, Australia, and Great Britain became dependent on the immigration of medical school graduates from low-income countries (Dill a Hirsch, 2021; Adebayo a Akinyemi, 2021; Tankwanchi a kol., 2020; Saluja a kol., 2020; Onnis a kol., 2019; Garg a kol., 2017; Crettenden a kol., 2014; Strasser a kol., 2013; Zeytinoglu a kol., 2014; Sharma a kol., 2012). While scientific attention focused on the study of the above-mentioned migration flows, the rapidly growing movement of healthcare workers between high- and middle-income countries remained overlooked (Witter a kol., 2020; Clark a kol., 2017). In recent decades, this problem has also intensified in the Slovak Republic, where staffing in healthcare facilities is becoming unsustainable (MZ SR, Dôvodová správa).
Migration of healthcare workers, especially doctors and nurses, stems from acute problems in healthcare systems. It is considered a symptom of deep and serious deficiencies that need to be addressed in an integrated manner (Dielmann a kol., 2011). Aspects of the migration of the healthcare workforce cannot be assessed in isolation. A key role in identifying and implementing solutions is played by an innovative human resources management policy and capacity building (Marinkin a kol., 2020; Gallo a kol., 2019; Kuhlmann a Larsen, 2015). The results of scientific studies indicate the need to shift human resources management competencies in healthcare to lower levels of management, thereby strengthening operational management at the level of healthcare facilities (Diallo a kol., 2003).
Despite the topicality and importance of this issue, there are only a few studies examining the effectiveness of human resources management tools in addressing labor shortages in healthcare or in relation to migration abroad. With declining staffing levels and pressure on healthcare budgets in European Union countries, it is necessary to focus on innovative human resources management policy and capacity building in healthcare facilities. Based on studies in the field of human resources management in companies, the implementation of new approaches may also be beneficial in healthcare (Wang a kol., 2021; Correia a kol., 2020; Kunjumen a kol., 2020). Despite WHO initiatives, research in this area remains 5 insufficient at the national and international levels. This fact prompted our interest in examining the issue in the conditions of the Slovak Republic.
The monograph offers the reader an insight into the study and evaluation of the impact of human resources management processes as push factors that lead healthcare workers to seek employment abroad. The first part maps the current state of scientific knowledge in the field of migration of healthcare workers and human resources management based on scientific studies published in renowned journals. A critical assessment of these results forms the basis for empirical research, the aim of which is to identify factors of satisfaction with human resources management processes that influence the migration of healthcare workers from Slovak hospitals abroad and to discuss possibilities for mitigating their negative impacts. Primary data were obtained through a questionnaire intended for doctors, nurses, and hospital managers. Using a range of mathematical and statistical methods, the empirical research results were evaluated with emphasis on achieving the set objective. In the main part of the monograph, the reader is presented with empirical findings, which are then discussed in the context of the current state of scientific knowledge.
The research was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic within project no. APVV-19-0579 entitled “Setting up personnel management processes in hospitals and its impact on the migration of doctors and nurses abroad for work.” The monograph is based on the author's habilitation thesis.
Author: doc. Ing. Magdaléna Tupá, PhD.
CONTENTS
Introduction 1 State of scientific knowledge in human resources management in healthcare in the context of the migration of healthcare workers 1.1 Migration factors of healthcare workers 1.2 Consequences of the migration of healthcare workers 1.3 Determinants of migration in the context of human resources management in healthcare 1.4 Workforce planning in healthcare 1.5 Human resources management in healthcare 1.6 Human resources management tools in healthcare facilities
2 Staffing of healthcare facilities in Slovakia in the context of the labor migration of doctors and nurses abroad 2.1 Changes in the number and structure of doctors in the conditions of the Slovak Republic 2.2 Changes in the number and structure of nurses in the conditions of the Slovak Republic 2.3 Stabilization of the workforce in the healthcare system in the Slovak Republic
3 Empirical research into human resources management processes in hospitals in the context of the migration of healthcare workers 3.1 Basic elements of the empirical research design 3.2 Evaluation of the impact of the basic identification characteristics of doctors and nurses on the tendency to migrate 3.2 Satisfaction with the working conditions of doctors and nurses in Slovak hospitals 3.3 Model of the impact of satisfaction factors on the tendency to migrate among doctors and nurses working in Slovak hospitals 3.4 Summary of empirical findings
4 Discussion 5 Benefits and limitations of the research Conclusion
Title: FACTORS OF THE MIGRATION OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Author: doc. Ing. Magdaléna Tupá, PhD. First edition 2024 ©FSEV TnUAD, Trenčín 2024 ISBN 978-80-8295-015-4 EAN 9788082950154